Endoscopy

Rigid endoscopy can be used to visually examine the internal organs of a pet with minimal invasiveness. Once the animal is anesthetized, the endoscope can be used to explore the esophagus, stomach, large bowel, rectum, and urinary bladder, as well as the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Biopsies may be taken with endoscopic instruments that provide valuable diagnostic information that would otherwise need exploratory surgery to obtain.